On each of these occasions, the state government had lost its majority, necessitating dissolution of the Assembly and the imposition of the Presidents rule. E.M.S. Lets look at possible scenarios. Ormakalile CH (Documentry),Life History of CH Muhammed Koya Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad, (Malayalam: , June 13, 1909 -- March 19, 1998),. Corrections? As a Brahmin man in Kerala, Sankaran could expect to live in near opulence. Despite this, the Communist government under the leadership of EMS Namboodiripad took many pioneering steps to further people's interests through its policies in agriculture, industry, education, public health, public distribution system, social security measures, decentralisation of power, police policy, administrative reform etc. By 13, he had already developed a political consciousness about his privileged place in the world, and joined a local community dedicated to the welfare of lower castes and fighting orthodoxy in the area. Cushioned by their deities, the Namboodiris occupied the highest position among all other communities and castes, collected fabulous amounts as rent, enjoyed undisputed supremacy over the tillers of the soil, and maintained intimacy with the ruling monarchs. The key question he poses is: how did Gandhi become the undisputed leader of the anti-colonial national liberation movement? Even so, the patently undemocratic decision to dismiss a duly elected government is a blot on Nehrus democratic credentials. In 1960 Namboodiripad was elected to the Kerala legislative assembly, where he served as the leader of the opposition. In Kerala, private education was a big business. Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.98137dc.contributor.author: Namboodiripad, E. M. Sdc.date.accessioned: 2015-07-01T16:13:51Zdc.date.available:. The Kerala Education Bill sought to improve the condition of teachers in private schools, raise salaries, regularise their services and protect them from whimsical management. Why did Nehru compromise with the partys right-wingers and conservatives who were clamouring for dismissal of the Kerala government? He was born in a household where the gods reigned, eating rice and milk. It showed that caste- and religion-based interests were too powerful to allow godless communists to implement social and economic reforms. Though the party considered Kesari one of the visionaries of the Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters in Kerala, serious differences of opinion emerged between full-time Communist Party activists and other personalities, namely Kesari and Mundassery. In a curious turn of history, she was appointed Congress President on 2nd February 1959, two years after Namboodiripad formed the government. EMS Namboodiripad replied, "Not always; only when I speak." The communists exploited the reform movements to their advantage. Namboodiripad was elected the General Secretary of Central Committee of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 1977 and he led the Party in this capacity till the 14th Congress in 1992 when he stepped down due to ill-health. In Moscow, the Communist Party of Indias (CPI) victory was enthusiastically welcomed. He became one of the office-bearers of Valluvanadu Yogaskshema Sabha, an organisation of progressive Namboothiri youth. His efforts to require private schools to hire teachers from a government list met with opposition from religious leaders and members of the upper castes, who feared that schools would be used for communist indoctrination. ems namboodiripad 'Marxism helped me understand Ambedkar better': Justice (retd) K Chandru, real-life hero of Jai Bhim Justice (retired) K Chandru, who was then a lawyer, had argued the case of Rajakannu, who was killed in police custody. The Kerala High Court found him guilty of contempt of court. Namboodiripad has 35 books on Goodreads with 3595 ratings. His intellectual pursuits were closely linked to the organisational and agitational tasks of the radical movement. As the movement gained momentum, the Congress jumped into the fray, leading to the formation of a joint front of opposing groups to launch a state-wide agitation. In his book Feroze: The Forgotten Gandhi (2016 ), Falk says Feroze lost his cool when the dismissal of the communist government came up for discussion. During that period he played a key role in formulating party doctrine, and he studied and wrote extensively about the economic and social problems facing Kerala, which included insufficient agricultural output, high unemployment, and overpopulation. Ellsworth Bunker, US Ambassador to India from 1956-61, in an interview, had said that the Americans supported Indira Gandhis attempt to overthrow Kerala's communist government. Namboodiripad was witness to what he would have conceivably loathed most in his life: the BJP's ascent to power. Again, Namboodiripad declined. Home Minister G B Pant led the pack. However, with the communists in charge, the modest reform measures looked ultra-radical. The world into which Sankaran Namboodiripad arrived in 1909 was flooded with gods. It also showed that Nehru was unable to stand by his democratic convictions and socialistic idealism - either because he was lacking in willpower or because he succumbed to pressure from his daughter. Share Via Email. In this context, Namboodiripad famously accused Kesari of being a "petit-bourgeois intellectual", an appellation he retracted. She confided to her friends that the responsibility of the office had taken a toll on her mentally and physically. The social activities facilitated his entry into the political arena as a nationalist. A Swedish journalist Bertil Falk has described the heated exchanges that took place between Indira and Feroze at a breakfast table in Teen Murti House, the Prime Ministers residence. The tortuous path which took me from the original moorings of the feudal family into which I was born, and from the old-fashioned education to modern education and the organized movement of social reform, and ultimately to nationalism with its leaning towards the leftat last culminated in my membership of the Communist Party of India. The central government of India responded in 1959 by invoking Article 356 of the Indian Constitution, suspending state government and imposing President's rule. The Governor had the report ready and it had to be delivered without a moments delay (In those days, there was no direct flight from Trivandrum to Delhi and flights went via Madras, which would mean a days delay). After the meeting, Namboodiripad drove down to Delhi. Interestingly, it was the first of many such undemocratic dismissals of non-Congress state governments that became Gandhis controversial legacy. He ended it as a rationalist, with no gods for company and quite a different kind of menu. Indira Gandhis critics say her dogged determination in seeing the undemocratic dismissal of the Namboodiripad government was an early sign of her authoritarianism. By signing up for our Newsletter, you agree to our privacy policy and the websites terms & conditions. It is a testimony to . It is a thoughtful take on embracing one's imperfections and flaws. Original file (703 941 pixels, file size: 621 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) It is largely due to his commitment and guidance that the CPI(M), of which he was Politburo member and general secretary for 14 years, has become such a domineering political force, playing a vital role in India's new era of coalition politics.[3]. According to V R Krishna Iyer, an eminent jurist and Supreme Court judge, who was then a minister in the Namboodiripad government, Nehru had reservations about the Congress support to the Liberation Committee. E.M.S. She continued until her term ended in February. In 1964, he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). BORN on June 13, 1909, EMS was the son of Elankulam Manakkal Parameswaran Namboodiripad, a Sanskrit scholar, and Vishnudatta. At a party meeting, he said, Where are the principles of the Congress? Chiinu International Airport Birdview.JPG 3,552 2,709; 1.7 MB. She heard him out but to no avail. [24] He was cremated with full state honours in Thycaud electric crematorium in Thiruvananthapuram. The Hindu. An ambition rose in my mind, Sankaran later wrote, that one day I should also go to schooland imbibe the modern refinements which were an adjunct of school education. He did go and became a fine student, failing only in art. Also, check out the Stammer summary and Stammer poem analysis below. He was the first non-Congress chief minister in India after independence. He was an outstanding Marxist, who dedicated his whole life to the Communist movement. EMS Namboodiripad Sentence: Fine of Rs 50 In a famous 1970 case, the then chief minister of Kerala, EMS Namboodiripad, commented that Marx and Engels considered the judiciary an instrument of oppression and that judges were guided by class prejudices. There were important gods for men and less important gods for women, all stationed inside the house. I think the more general question is worth answering. Nehrus logic was that the resignation would obviate the need for invoking Article 356. We have felt that even from the point of view of your government, its better for Central intervention to take place now. He also was well known as a journalist. According to journalist and author Inder Malhotra, a reporter asked him what the Prime Minister had served him for lunch during their discussions. The formation of the Namboodiripad government, the movement against it and its dismissal is a saga that had both domestic and international dimensions of immense historical significance. [13][14][15][16]) On 5 April 1957 he was appointed as the first chief minister of Kerala. When Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad, or just EMS, was sworn in as the head of a communist government in Kerala on 5th April 1957, alarm bells began ringing in Washington, DC. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). When the CPI split in 1964, EMS stood with the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). The United States was worried that the Kerala experiment might herald a Red menace, which would sweep across India and South Asia. His government introduced the Agrarian Relations Bill, which sought to prevent the eviction of peasants, redistribution of surplus land, fix a ceiling on land ownership and increase the wages of labourers. Stammer A stammer is no handicap. Declassified CIA documents show that the establishment of communist state governments in India concerned them and "preventing additional Keralas became an important argument for augmenting U.S. assistance to India". Until the Kerala government was dismissed in 1959, the Centre had invoked Article 356 on only four earlier occasions. Daniel Patrick Moynihan, US Ambassador to India from 1973-75, in his memoir A Dangerous Place (1978), alleged that the CIA contributed money to Indira Gandhi to help defeat Kerala's communist government. Many experts have noted that by the late 1950s, Nehru was showing signs of fatigue and political weakness. Also, why was the US so exercised over it? He was regarded as orthodox in his Communism. The next year, EMS and PG released a full book on Gramsci's thought in Malayalam.This book - translated by PG's son M.G. E. M. S. Namboodiripad was a leader of Indian Communist party and served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala. In Kerala you have forged the instrument of your destruction.. EMS Namboodiripad was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister (CM) of Kerala state between 1957-59 and again between 1967-69. With the help of Independents, Namboodiripad formed the government on 5th April 1957. Despite his age and failing health, Namboodiripad was still active in political and social fields. Indira and Feroze were estranged from each other and her presidency of the Congress widened the gap between them. Taking advantage of the worsening situation, Gandhi saw this as an opportunity for the Congress to regain lost ground in Kerala. He remained committed to socialist ideals, and his compassion towards the working class led him to join the Communist movement. During his college days, he was deeply associated with the Indian National Congress and the Indian independence movement. Crisis Into Chaos E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1981 Kerala: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1967 India Under Congress Rule E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1967 A History of Indian Freedom Struggle E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1986 Dismissal of the First Communist Ministry in Kerala and the USA Dr. Ajayan. I recently had a conversation with my friends on how Justice Hidayatullah imposed a fine of Rs. To EMS himself, whose death anniversary Kerala observed last weekend, there was little irony in all this when life itself was one elaborate irony. Well, those who knew EMS will always remember him as a man who never stammered in action. He became the leader of the first communist government in the world that was elected in democratic way. Alternate titles: Elamkulam Manakal Sankaran Namboodiripad, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/E-M-S-Namboodiripad, MapsofIndia.com - Biography of E. M. S. Namboodiripad, ILoveIndia.com - Biography of E M S Namboodiripad. The communists very cleverly played the Nairs against the Catholics and now are trying to play the Ezhavas against the both.. They were left with no option but to leave the Left Front, and on 18 July, 1985, they announced the decision to quit the Left Front and sit in the Assembly as a separate block. In 1958, he had spoken of his desire to retire from the burden he carried on his shoulders. Ferozes attack on her and her father had sharply increased after Indira assumed the Congress presidency. RAMACHANDRA GUHA is a well-known historian of modern India. EMS Namboodiripad had invited 'public censure' by the party when he eulogised Abdul Nassar Madani by equating him with. "Usually when . Without losing time after taking over, Namboodiripad set about implementing the promises made in the party manifesto. And now, the enemy was winning. EMS Namboodiripad (EMS) came from the highest landowning caste in Kerala. External links The year was 1940, and Sankaran emerged as the E.M.S. EMS Namboodiripad became chief minister of Kerala again in 1967 heading a United Front ministry till 1969. Dr Sarvepalli Gopal, rated as the finest and most authoritative biographer of Nehru, had this to say of him: The decision to dismiss the Kerala government tarnished Nehrus reputation for ethical behaviour in politics and, from a long-term view, weakened his position.. [11][12] It was the second ever Communist government to be democratically elected, after Communist success in the 1945 elections in the Republic of San Marino, a microstate in Europe. Eminent commentators and CPI (M) leaders have put on record the dubious role of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in supporting the anti-communist movement in Kerala. Kerala Governor K Ramakrishna Rao, a former right-wing Congress leader, also belonged to the same group. He is a well known socialist and Marxist theorist. She was a founding member of the. Kerala was a society riven by rigid caste divisions, where low castes and untouchables were treated, perhaps, more inhumanly than anywhere else in the country. Gandhi instructed the Congress to fully support the movement. Bio: EMS (Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad) was an Indian communist politician and thinker who ruled as Kerala's first Chief Minister in 1957-59 then in 1967-69. . During the 1962 Sino-Indian war, other parties portrayed left-wing parties as pro-China, since both were Communist. The Centre invoked Article 356 of the Constitution, which empowers the President of India to order the dismissal of any state government in the event of a breakdown of the law and order machinery. The Frontline Years E. M. S. Namboodiripad 2010 The present volume puts together a selection of EMS's Frontline columns. Internal disputes led to the breakup of the CPI in 1964, and Namboodiripads hard-line faction became the Communist Party of India (Marxist). E.M.S. E.M.S. He was a member of the Congress Socialist Party, a group within the Congress, along with Jayaprakash Narayan and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia, and later joined the undivided CPI. There were important gods for men and less important gods for women, all stationed inside the house. [7][8] He described Mahatma Gandhi as a Hindu fundamentalist.[9]. The poem Stammer is penned down by K Satchidanandan. EMS became general secretary in 1977, a designation he held until 1992. After the split in the CPI in 1964, Namboodiripad sided with the CPI (M). Indira stormed out, protesting, You are calling me a fascist? Namboodiripad was elected chief minister of Kerala in 1957. Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad, Kerala's first chief minister and one of India's leading communist leaders, was born on 13 June 1909 in the present-day Malappuram district to a Brahmin family. A reporter once asked EMS if he always stammered. Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad (13 June 1909 19 March 1998), popularly known as EMS, was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala state in 195759 and then again in 196769. He authored several books in English and Malayalam. His fellow Brahmins were horrifiedmany of them were impoverished overnight. Required fields are marked *. She mounted pressure on Nehru to dismiss the government, arguing that the failure of the state machinery had created anarchy. "Is this what the Congress is doing in Kerala?" None of the above measures were radically different from what the Nehru government at the Centre had been promising and had been even partly implemented by some Congress state governments. asked Nehru, and called Indira Gandhi to hear what Iyer had to say. Exactly what a good Kashmiri Brahmin should offer a good Namboodiri Brahmin from Kerala, laughed the Commiefish, meat and chicken!, Your email address will not be published. It was the first time ever that a communist party anywhere in the world had come to power in a democratic election. As chief minister, EMS pioneered radical land and educational reforms in Kerala, which helped it become the country's leader in social indicators. To a Namboodiri, this meant irretrievable loss of status, but Sankaran, already written off as a rotten egg, was surveying other characteristics of the experience. Many commentaries have been published on the life and work of EMS Namboodiripad after his death on March 19, 1998. #EMS #Namboodiripad #kerala #cm . Answer: Indian readers no doubt can answer this question far better than I and I look forward to reading the details. Nehru resisted for some time but in due course succumbed to pressure from her and the party's right-wing leaders. E.M.S. 50 for contempt of court in 1970 on a former communist chief minister . Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad (13 June 1909 19 March 1998), popularly known as EMS, was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala in 19571959 and then again in 19671969. As a member of the Communist Party of India (CPI), he became the first non-Congress Chief Minister in the Indian republic. Three more deaths occurred in his family within five years after his death, starting with his daughter-in-law Dr. Yamuna in August 2001, and later followed by his wife Arya Antharjanam in January 2002 and elder son E.M. Sreedharan in November 2002. This series aims to chronicle Indias exciting journey and is a special feature brought to you by LHI Foundation. Two major initiatives of EMS during the last decade of his He served as a member of the Central Committee and the Politburo of the CPI(M) until his death in 1998. Namboodiripad was the Leader of Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1970 to 1977. by E. M. S. Namboodiripad First published in 1958 2 editions Not in Library Reminiscences of an Indian communist by E. M. S. Namboodiripad First published in 1987 2 editions Not in Library Indian planning in crisis by E. M. S. Namboodiripad First published in 1974 2 editions Not in Library Kerala: yesterday, today and tomorrow The Namboodiris justified their grip over land in Kerala through the myth of Parasurama, an avatar of Vishnu, who is said to have reclaimed the coast from the seas and presented it to Brahmins for eternity. This page was last edited on 15 July 2022, at 00:42. In Delhi, it alarmed the rightists and conservatives in the Congress. By the mid-1930s, Sankaran had veered towards the socialist camp within the Congress, and despite a stint with the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee and election to the Madras legislature, he wasnt convinced by Gandhithe Mahatma might achieve political freedom, but what about social liberation and freedom from the bondage of class? It went to the polls in February 1957 when the second General Elections were held. It was harsh and much went awry, but for masses of people, it was the correction of a historic wrong. Every time it was used, though, a dip in the pond was warranted to wash away the ritual pollution that invariably accompanied Western inventions. [1] In 1964, he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)).[2]. Its just not right. It was the Moplah Rebellion of 1921 that changed everythingSankarans family retreated from their rural cocoon to the sanctuary of an urbanizing locality, exposed for the first time to Western-educated crowds, children playing football, people sipping tea, and Brahmin men in English shirts (the first Brahmin woman to wear a blouse in Kerala was ostracized because, surely, only a harlot would feel an impulse to cover her breasts in a land where toplessness was uniform). In 1958, a period of anticommunist protest, the Vimochana Samaram, began in response to the bills. He completed his graduation from St. Thomas College, Thrissur Kerala. The Marxist, who headed the world's first elected Communist government in Kerala, pays this tribute to. When elections were held in Kerala six months later, the Congress won 60 seats with allies, the Indian Union Muslim League and some other parties, and formed the government. Tags: ALSO READ. One cousin had two ladies, and after the wedding of his daughters, this specimen proceeded to espouse a third. Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad (13 June 1909 - 19 March 1998), popularly known as EMS, was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala in 1957-1959 and then again in 1967-1969. Has the Congress fallen so low that we are going to be dictated by the communal elements, by leaders of caste? His Brahmin heritage became a thing of the pastEMS began to work with Dalits, fishermen and labourers, becoming the adopted son of the working class. Your email address will not be published. This article is part of our special series the Making of Modern India through which we are focussing on the period between 1900-2000. The CPIs tally was 26. Just a plane.JPG 640 480; 250 KB. His daughter Indira Gandhi thought differently. His two elder brothers died before he was born, and the third brother was intellectually disabled. Namboodiripad's most popular book is Mooladhanam: oru mukhavura | : . He lost his father when he was five. He was actively involved in the anti-caste movement in Kerala, was erudite and a prolific writer, who excelled in both political treatise and literary works. As a member of the Communist Party of India (CPI), he became the first non-Indian National Congress chief minister in the Indian republic. The Indian government considered him to be one of the founders of the Communist Party of India (CPI) in Kerala, forcing him to go into hiding. Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad (13 June 1909 - 19 March 1998), popularly EMS, was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala state in 1957-59 and then again in 1967-69. The social, cultural and economic situation in the state offered a fertile ground for communist leaders to lay the foundation of the party. Nehru invited Namboodiripad for a meeting at Mashobra, a summer getaway near Shimla, where he was holidaying, to press for him to resign. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. He later spent fourteen years - 1978-92 - as general secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). Namboodiripad (1909-1998) A few hours before he died on the afternoon of March 19, E.M.S. In a letter she wrote to Nehru on 20th June, Gandhi had said, There is no point calling the agitation communal. He led the governments reform plans. E M S Namboodiripad: Revolutionary Intellectual I S Gulati T M Thomas Isaac EMS was a special type of a thinker - an organic intellectual who combined theory and practice. Although he retired from active political life in 1991, he continued to write prolifically about politics. On the other hand, Gandhis leadership of the Congress provided a shot in the arm to the Opposition. Why did Nehru succumb to pressure from Gandhi? Barely five feet tall, he had a stammer but that didnt come in the way of his oratorical skills, which were liberally embellished with a great sense of humour. (Former Kerala chief minister) E M S Namboodiripad and the Communist Party of India-Marxist also called for reforms in the Muslim community, but they were opposed staunchly by Muslim. Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) ideologue P. Parameswaran, who breathed his last at Ottappalam in Palakkad early on Sunday . Soon it was joined by the Nair Service Society, and later also by the Indian Union Muslim League. [19] According to the biography of former US Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker, "the election results rang alarm bells in Washington".[20][21]. EMS had four sisters and three brothers; two brothers died soon after birth and an older brother had a mental . His grandson (Sreedharan's son) Sujith Shankar is an actor. They, including his mother, wereantharjanam(literally, indoor-people), the only women in Kerala who lived in purdah. Barely ten months into her presidency, Indira declared her intention to resign as Congress President. Updates? Namboodiripad, Kesari Balakrishna Pillai, Joseph Mundassery, M. P. Paul and K. Damodaran were architects of "JeevalSahitya Prastanam", renamed Purogamana Sahitya Prastanam (Progressive Association for Arts and Letters). Proceedings against him on the basis of this Press Conference were commenced in the High Court on the sworn information of an Advocate of the High Court, based mainly on the report in the Indian Express. 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