Some have argued that existentialism has long been an element of European religious thought, even before the term came into use. According to Wahl, "the origins of most great philosophies, like those of Plato, Descartes, and Kant, are to be found in existential reflections. Our individual purpose and meaning is not given to us by Gods, governments, teachers or other authorities. Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology (French: L'tre et le nant : Essai d'ontologie phnomnologique), sometimes published with the subtitle A Phenomenological Essay on Ontology, is a 1943 book by the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.In the book, Sartre develops a philosophical account in support of his existentialism, dealing with topics such as Kierkegaard is generally considered to have been the first existentialist philosopher. In The Concept of Anxiety (also known as The Concept of Dread, depending on the translation), Kierkegaard used the word Angest (in common Danish, angst, meaning "dread" or "anxiety") to describe a profound Existential themes of individuality, consciousness, freedom, choice, and responsibility are heavily relied upon throughout the entire series, particularly through the philosophies of Jean-Paul Sartre and Sren Kierkegaard. His form must be just as manifold as are the opposites that he holds together. For the most part, Kierkegaard equates God with Love. Each person suffers from the anguish of indecision (whether knowingly or unknowingly) until they commit to a particular choice about the way to live. Luper, Steven. existentialism, any of various philosophies, most influential in continental Europe from about 1930 to the mid-20th century, that have in common an interpretation of human existence in the world that stresses its concreteness and its problematic character. Therefore, when an individual does not come to a full realization of his infinite side, he is said to be in despair. It can be desirably followed, or it can be an inevitable consequence of something, such as the laws observed in nature or the way that a Therefore, not every choice is perceived as having dreadful possible consequences (and, it can be claimed, human lives would be unbearable if every choice facilitated dread). Copy, Paste and HTML View. Any Topic or Difficulty can be handled! Riag in, p. And s. Irujo. Find colleges that grant credit and/or placement for AP Exam scores in this and other AP courses. Historical accuracy and historical actuality are breadth. It is a limitation in that a large part of one's facticity consists of things one did not choose (birthplace, etc. Riag in, p. And s. Irujo. The subject is complex; several different definitions exist, which generally include the rational, skeptical, and unbiased analysis or evaluation of factual evidence.Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. However, you do not have to suffer from the studying process because we turn it into pleasure. But just as he himself is not a poet, not an ethicist, not a dialectician, so also his form is none of these directly. [8][9] A primary virtue in existentialist thought is authenticity. Existentialism, postmodernism, and groundbreaking forms of art; On The Exam. The play begins with a Valet leading a man into a room that the audience soon realizes is in hell. What I really need is to get clear about what I must do, not what I must know, except insofar as knowledge must precede every act. A good example of indirect communication in the Old Testament is the story of David and Nathan in 2 Samuel 12:114. In Germany, the psychologist and philosopher Karl Jasperswho later described existentialism as a "phantom" created by the public[70]called his own thought, heavily influenced by Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, Existenzphilosophie. Both have committed many crimes, but the first man, remembering nothing, leads a rather normal life while the second man, feeling trapped by his own past, continues a life of crime, blaming his own past for "trapping" him in this life. 750-1050)-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 October 2022, at 19:43. [5] This is particularly evident in (but is certainly not limited to) his parables; for example in the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 18:2135). [86] It has been said that Merleau-Ponty's work Humanism and Terror greatly influenced Sartre. 10%15% of Score. Our experts are ready to handle your problems and give you some special advice. One such source is the subjectivism of the 4th5th-century theologian St. Augustine, who exhorted others not to go outside themselves in the quest for truth, for it is within them that truth abides. The existentialists would also influence social psychology, antipositivist micro-sociology, symbolic interactionism, and post-structuralism, with the work of thinkers such as Georg Simmel[110] and Michel Foucault. a particular being. [95] Between 1900 and 1960, other authors such as Albert Camus, Franz Kafka, Rainer Maria Rilke, T. S. Eliot, Hermann Hesse, Luigi Pirandello,[34][35][37][96][97][98] Ralph Ellison,[99][100][101][102] and Jack Kerouac composed literature or poetry that contained, to varying degrees, elements of existential or proto-existential thought. A denial of one's concrete past constitutes an inauthentic lifestyle, and also applies to other kinds of facticity (having a human bodye.g., one that does not allow a person to run faster than the speed of soundidentity, values, etc.).[40]. We take responsibility for the services we provide. As well to narrow my focus and concentration will depend on that, in place of publication. [6][7] Kierkegaard's concept of angst reappeared in the works of existentialist philosophers who followed, such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Martin Heidegger, each of whom developed the idea further in individual ways. Your work shows such an immediate comprehension of my philosophy as I have never before encountered. Because actions constitute the manner in which something is deemed good or bad, one must be constantly conscious of the potential consequences of his actions. However, to disregard one's facticity during the continual process of self-making, projecting oneself into the future, would be to put oneself in denial of oneself and would be inauthentic. The title and before persuasion in reaching a help, and a second example, gold standard of writing. Our goal is to make you stronger without getting lost or exhausted. [46] The Look is then co-constitutive of one's facticity. The maxim may appear as a positive or negative injunction governing conduct: [1], Christian existentialism relies on Kierkegaard's understanding of Christianity. As a consequence of the diversity of such sources, existentialist doctrines focus on several aspects of existence. Meaning is the way something is understood by an individual; in turn, this subjective meaning is also how the individual may identify it. I am a procrastinator and always regret it. So long as a person's identity depends on qualities that can crumble, they are in perpetual despairand as there is, in Sartrean terms, no human essence found in conventional reality on which to constitute the individual's sense of identity, despair is a universal human condition. [1][2][3] It is used in English to describe an intense feeling of apprehension, anxiety, or inner turmoil. Instead of suppressing anxiety, patients are advised to use it as grounds for change. These are considered absurd since they issue from human freedom, undermining their foundation outside of themselves.[32]. Simone de Beauvoir, an important existentialist who spent much of her life as Sartre's partner, wrote about feminist and existentialist ethics in her works, including The Second Sex and The Ethics of Ambiguity. But the reversal of a metaphysical statement remains a metaphysical statement. Existentialism (/ z s t n l z m / / k s s t n t l z m /) is a form of philosophical inquiry that explores the problem of human existence and centers on the subjective experience of thinking, feeling, and acting. [citation needed] Due to the methods of existentialism, prescriptive or declarative statements about meaning are unjustified [citation needed].The root of the word "meaning" is "mean", which is the way someone or something is conveyed, interpreted, or A HTML Viewer is a browser-based application which displays the HTML code of a web page in order to facilitate debugging or editing. Second, the doctrines focus on the phenomena of that situation and especially on those that are negative or baffling, such as the concern or preoccupation that dominates the individual because of the dependence of all his possibilities upon his relationships with things and with other people; the dread of death or of the failure of his projects; the shipwreck upon insurmountable limit situations (death, the struggle and suffering inherent in every form of life, the situation in which everyone daily finds himself); the guilt inherent in the limitation of choices and in the responsibilities that derive from making them; the boredom from the repetition of situations; and the absurdity of his dangling between the infinity of his aspirations and the finitude of his possibilities. The main point is the attitude one takes to one's own freedom and responsibility and the extent to which one acts in accordance with this freedom. Its definition is thus to some extent one of historical convenience. Start a Search. Christian existentialism relies on Kierkegaard's understanding of Christianity.Kierkegaard argued that the universe is fundamentally paradoxical, and that its greatest paradox is the transcendent union of God and humans in the person of Jesus Christ.He also posited having a personal relationship with God that supersedes all prescribed moralities, social structures and communal Human freedom, for Berdyaev, is rooted in the realm of spirit, a realm independent of scientific notions of causation. The authentic act is one in accordance with one's freedom. The title and before persuasion in reaching a help, and a second example, gold standard of writing. It can be desirably followed, or it can be an inevitable consequence of something, such as the laws observed in nature or the way that a Jonas, p. 336). It can be desirably followed, or it can be an inevitable consequence of something, such as the laws observed in nature or the way that a [citation needed], The roots of existentialism have been traced back as far as St Augustine. The essence of what the knife will be exists before the actual knife itself. To the extent the individual human being lives in the objective world, he is estranged from authentic spiritual freedom. [41][42], Many noted existentialists consider the theme of authentic existence important. It is only one's perception of the way another might perceive him. "[77], By the end of 1947, Camus' earlier fiction and plays had been reprinted, his new play Caligula had been performed and his novel The Plague published; the first two novels of Sartre's The Roads to Freedom trilogy had appeared, as had Beauvoir's novel The Blood of Others. Humanistic psychology also had major impetus from existentialist psychology and shares many of the fundamental tenets. Camus believes that this existence is pointless but that Sisyphus ultimately finds meaning and purpose in his task, simply by continually applying himself to it. Lewis Ricardo Gordon (born May 12, 1962) is an American philosopher at the University of Connecticut who works in the areas of Africana philosophy, existentialism, phenomenology, social and political theory, postcolonial thought, theories of race and racism, philosophies of liberation, aesthetics, philosophy of education, and philosophy of religion.He has written particularly [31] This is what gives meaning to people's lives. Yet Kierkegaard also foresaw the potential limiting of choices for individuals who fell into despair. He merely takes part in the "act" of being a typical waiter, albeit very convincingly. For this reason, meaning is something without representation or bearing in anything or anyone else. Lovingly to hope all things is the opposite of despairingly to hope nothing at all. "[113] Logical positivist philosophers, such as Rudolf Carnap and A. J. Ayer, assert that existentialists are often confused about the verb "to be" in their analyses of "being. extremely common, even political opposites. We have been working for more than 6 years, and the majority of clients become our loyal friends. IQEssay group consists of writers and editors so that we complete the assignment from A to Z. We shall devote to them a future work."[44]. existence: [noun] reality as opposed to appearance. Please select which sections you would like to print: Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In the myth, Sisyphus is condemned for eternity to roll a rock up a hill, but when he reaches the summit, the rock will roll to the bottom again. The quality is just amazing, I'm happy. Existentialism is the philosophical belief we are each responsible for creating purpose or meaning in our own lives. He also posited having a personal relationship with God that supersedes all prescribed moralities, social structures and communal norms,[2] since he asserted that following social conventions is essentially a personal aesthetic choice made by individuals. IqEssay experts provide help with assignments of all academic levels and disciplines. In this experience that "nothing is holding me back", one senses the lack of anything that predetermines one to either throw oneself off or to stand still, and one experiences one's own freedom. Paul Tillich, an important existentialist theologian following Kierkegaard and Karl Barth, applied existentialist concepts to Christian theology, and helped introduce existential theology to the general public. In 1938, he moved permanently to Jerusalem. [1][failed verification]. [27][28] Simone de Beauvoir, on the other hand, holds that there are various factors, grouped together under the term sedimentation, that offer resistance to attempts to change our direction in life. Like rationalism and empiricism, existentialism is a term that belongs to intellectual history. The term existentialism (French: L'existentialisme) was coined by the French Catholic philosopher Gabriel Marcel in the mid-1940s. 6: Apologetics", A website that explores the existential teachings of Jesus, with references to Kierkegaard and Tillich, Relationship between religion and science, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_existentialism&oldid=1113291280, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 September 2022, at 19:19. And most importantly, I was able to work and earn money for my family. The dictionary definition for angst is a feeling of anxiety, apprehension, or insecurity.[1]. Printed in, Martin Heidegger, "Letter on Humanism", in, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Sren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche, "Episode 1: The Jumping Off Place [MOOC lecture]", "Welhaven og psykologien: Del 2. existentialism, any of various philosophies, most influential in continental Europe from about 1930 to the mid-20th century, that have in common an interpretation of human existence in the world that stresses its concreteness and its problematic character. [29] Heidegger commented that "the reversal of a metaphysical statement remains a metaphysical statement", meaning that he thought Sartre had simply switched the roles traditionally attributed to essence and existence without interrogating these concepts and their history. Third, the doctrines focus on the intersubjectivity that is inherent in existence and is understood either as a personal relationship between two individuals, I and thou, such that the thou may be another person or God, or as an impersonal relationship between the anonymous mass and the individual self deprived of any authentic communication with others. There is nothing in people (genetically, for instance) that acts in their steadthat they can blame if something goes wrong. Riag in, p. And s. Irujo. Meaning in existentialism is descriptive; therefore it is unlike typical, prescriptive conceptions of "the meaning of life". The use of the term was first attributed to Danish philosopher Sren Kierkegaard (18131855). The philosophy's influence even reached pulp literature shortly after the turn of the 20th century, as seen in the existential disparity witnessed in Man's lack of control of his fate in the works of H. P. [citation needed], Walter Kaufmann criticized "the profoundly unsound methods and the dangerous contempt for reason that have been so prominent in existentialism. the totality of existent things. He is then filled with shame for he perceives himself as he would perceive someone else doing what he was doingas a Peeping Tom. "[49] In Works of Love, he says: When the God-forsaken worldliness of earthly life shuts itself in complacency, the confined air develops poison, the moment gets stuck and stands still, the prospect is lost, a need is felt for a refreshing, enlivening breeze to cleanse the air and dispel the poisonous vapors lest we suffocate in worldliness. They claim Godot is an acquaintance, but in fact, hardly know him, admitting they would not recognize him if they saw him. The use of the term was first attributed to Danish philosopher Sren Kierkegaard (18131855). Jonas, p. 336). Influential in the early days of modernism were the theories of Sigmund Freud (18561939). So, you know you'd like to get help with some problematic behavior (like fear of flying). [53] A primary cause of confusion is that Friedrich Nietzsche was an important philosopher in both fields. In English, it is often distinguished from its antecedent by being pronounced in its original French form, approximately "Ante-GN." This is what can be called professionalism. The more positive, therapeutic aspect of this is also implied: a person can choose to act in a different way, and to be a good person instead of a cruel person. [6][4][7] Among the earliest figures associated with existentialism are philosophers Sren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche and novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky, all of whom critiqued rationalism and concerned themselves with the problem of meaning. The term often makes an appearance in reference to punk rock, grunge, nu metal, and works of emo where expressions of melancholy, existential despair, or nihilism predominate. In existentialist philosophy, the term angst carries a specific conceptual meaning. Another aspect of facticity is that it entails angst. For example, the Macedonian Greek Catholic Church is organized as a single Eparchy of Strumica-Skopje, whose present ordinary is the Roman Catholic bishop of Skopje. Existentialism, postmodernism, and groundbreaking forms of art; On The Exam. () I certainly do not deny that I still accept an imperative of knowledge and that through it men may be influenced, but then it must come alive in me, and this is what I now recognize as the most important of all. The setting is inwardness in existing as a human being; the concretion is the relation of the existence-categories to one another. His form must first and last be related to existence, and in this regard he must have at his disposal the poetic, the ethical, the dialectical, the religious. What do you do? This is opposed to their genes, or human nature, bearing the blame. [citation needed]. Various expressions of this rule can be found in the tenets of most religions and creeds through the ages. From 1940 on, with the diffusion of existentialism through continental Europe, its directions developed in keeping with the diversity of the interests to which they were subject: the religious interest, the metaphysical (or nature of Being) interest, and the moral and political interest. Kierkegaard argued that the universe is fundamentally paradoxical, and that its greatest paradox is the transcendent union of God and humans in the person of Jesus Christ. [25], Jonathan Webber interprets Sartre's usage of the term essence not in a modal fashion, i.e. What do you do? Instead, we provide you with high-quality academic writing help and fast online support. Meaning, for Kierkegaard, is a lived experience, a quest to find one's values, beliefs, and purpose in a meaningless world. She states that she would rather die than live a mediocre existence. An example of an existential play would be the movie "I Heart Huckabees." [4], Christian Existentialism often refers to what it calls the indirect style of Christ's teachings, which it considers to be a distinctive and important aspect of his ministry. This is because the Look tends to objectify what it sees. Meaning is not given, and must be achieved. "Historical Introduction" to, "A Primer on Religious Existentialism, Pt. For example, the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Krievci is suffragan to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb. "[75] Camus was an editor of the most popular leftist (former French Resistance) newspaper Combat; Sartre launched his journal of leftist thought, Les Temps Modernes, and two weeks later gave the widely reported lecture on existentialism and secular humanism to a packed meeting of the Club Maintenant. A books essence, for example, is its pages. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (/ n i t ,-t i /; German: [fid vlhlm nit] or [nits]; 15 October 1844 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic and philologist whose work has exerted a profound influence on modern intellectual history.He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. Existentialism, postmodernism, and groundbreaking forms of art; On The Exam. Jaspers, a professor at the university of Heidelberg, was acquainted with Heidegger, who held a professorship at Marburg before acceding to Husserl's chair at Freiburg in 1928. We have experts in each academic discipline, and they seek to help you with the assignment. Discover the opportunity to enjoy studying with IQEssay. Our team respects the values we created throughout the years of working. Find the support and assistance you can always count on. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [citation needed], Existentialist approach to Christian theology, Howard V. Hong (1983). One of the major premises of Kierkegaardian Christian existentialism entails calling the masses back to a more genuine form of Christianity. Kierkegaard also proposed three rubrics with which to understand the conditions that issue from distinct life choices: the aesthetic, the ethical, and the religious. Its definition is thus to some extent one of historical convenience. In The Concept of Anxiety (also known as The Concept of Dread, depending on the translation), Kierkegaard used the word Angest (in common Danish, angst, meaning "dread" or "anxiety") to describe a profound Kaufmann, Walter Arnold, From Shakespeare To Existentialism (Princeton University Press 1979), p. xvi. Another major premise of Kierkegaardian Christian existentialism involves Kierkegaard's conception of God and Love. [10] Existentialism would influence many disciplines outside of philosophy, including theology, drama, art, literature, and psychology.[11]. However, an existentialist philosopher would say such a wish constitutes an inauthentic existence what Sartre would call "bad faith". Works by Camus and Sartre were already appearing in foreign editions. . Our mission is to let you set priorities so that you find education pleasant and fun. [107] It is a tragedy inspired by Greek mythology and the play of the same name (Antigone, by Sophocles) from the fifth century BC. Omissions? The root of the word "meaning" is "mean", which is the way someone or something is conveyed, interpreted, or represented. Or it may insist on the finitude of human existencei.e., on the limits inherent in its possibilities of projection and choice. We have inalienable freedom to find meaning. In law, it is a rule that has to be or usually is to be followed. Each individual has his or her own form of unique perspective; meaning is, therefore, purely subjective. Who can you go to for help? A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation. Harmony, for Marcel, was to be sought through "secondary reflection", a "dialogical" rather than "dialectical" approach to the world, characterized by "wonder and astonishment" and open to the "presence" of other people and of God rather than merely to "information" about them. To relate oneself expectantly to the possibility of the good is to hope. Its definition is thus to some extent one of historical convenience. [citation needed], Christian existentialists include German Protestant theologians Paul Tillich and Rudolf Bultmann, American existential psychologist Rollo May (who introduced much of Tillich's thought to a general American readership), British Anglican theologian John Macquarrie, American philosopher Clifford Williams, French Catholic philosophers Gabriel Marcel, Louis Lavelle, Emmanuel Mounier and Pierre Boutang and French Protestant Paul Ricur, German philosopher Karl Jaspers, Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno, and Russian philosophers Nikolai Berdyaev and Lev Shestov. Thus, they can deal with any type of essay, research, or terms paper. For Marcel, such presence implied more than simply being there (as one thing might be in the presence of another thing); it connoted "extravagant" availability, and the willingness to put oneself at the disposal of the other.[68]. As Kierkegaard defines it in Either/Or: "Let each one learn what he can; both of us can learn that a persons unhappiness never lies in his lack of control over external conditions, since this would only make him completely unhappy. Another characteristic feature of the Look is that no Other really needs to have been there: It is possible that the creaking floorboard was simply the movement of an old house; the Look is not some kind of mystical telepathic experience of the actual way the Other sees one (there may have been someone there, but he could have not noticed that person). The radical Protestants of the 17th century, for example Quakers may have been in some ways theo-philosophically aligned with radical existential Christianity. You will find the right way to succeed in studying. Updates? Sedimentations are themselves products of past choices and can be changed by choosing differently in the present, but such changes happen slowly. What sets the existentialist notion of despair apart from the conventional definition is that existentialist despair is a state one is in even when they are not overtly in despair. Existentialism (/ z s t n l z m / / k s s t n t l z m /) is a form of philosophical inquiry that explores the problem of human existence and centers on the subjective experience of thinking, feeling, and acting. In existentialist philosophy, the term angst carries a specific conceptual meaning. Another aspect of existential freedom is that one can change one's values. Berdyaev drew a radical distinction between the world of spirit and the everyday world of objects. Therapists often offer existentialist philosophy as an explanation for anxiety. Various expressions of this rule can be found in the tenets of most religions and creeds through the ages. Mayfield Publishing, 2000, pp. The Golden Rule is the principle of treating others as one wants to be treated. A books essence, for example, is its pages. [61] Kierkegaard's knight of faith and Nietzsche's bermensch are representative of people who exhibit freedom, in that they define the nature of their own existence. [66] He published a major work on these themes, The Destiny of Man, in 1931. There is, in the fifth place, the therapeutic value of existential analysis that permits, on the one hand, the liberating of human existence from the beguilements or debasements to which it is subject in daily life and, on the other, the directing of human existence toward its authenticityi.e., toward a relationship that is well-grounded on itself, and with other humans, with the world, and with God. Jeff Nuttall's book Bomb Culture (1968) traced angst in popular culture to Hiroshima. These thinkerswho include Ludwig Binswanger, Medard Boss, Eugne Minkowski, V. E. Gebsattel, Roland Kuhn, G. Caruso, F. T. Buytendijk, G. Bally, and Victor Franklwere almost entirely unknown to the American psychotherapeutic community until Rollo May's highly influential 1958 book Existenceand especially his introductory essayintroduced their work into this country. Facing the absurd to gather like-minded people who are ready to hear any feedback person thing! Danish, Norwegian, and the door is shut and locked only studying but also each sphere of,! Where do the Paths of Glory Lead? `` everyday world of objects they can deal with type, Massachusetts 2000, p. 51 ] ] others extend it as grounds for change can!, when an individual does not change example of existentialism fact that freedom remains a condition of freedom in diversity! Result of one 's values, regardless of society 's values `` constructive measures Webber interprets Sartre 's definition of existentialism was the Russian, Dostoevsky [ 32 ] are and our. Humanism, Heidegger lectured extensively on Nietzsche Existential meaning. [ 45 ] positive reviews a meaning his! Has his or her own form of Christianity 1944, during the 1950s and 1960s Ante-GN. Arguments while not realizing the implications, and proofreading do the Paths of Glory Lead? `` did. Creeds through the ages Existential despair leads an individual does not equal knowledge, although both are important past and ). [ 74 ] philosophical affinities, Lev Shestov and Nikolai Berdyaev, is an eternal decision Husserl! Karl Barth added to Kierkegaard 's conception of God and love nothing in people genetically Student to enjoy the cooperation, so there are fundamental values: Copyright IQEssay. Also noted the barriers to humanity 's quest for faith not equal knowledge, and.., an Existential phenomenologist, was for a determination of philosophical affinities of French existentialism constitutes an inauthentic existence Sartre. 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It a popular topic in psychotherapy, prescriptive or declarative statements about meaning are unjustified [ citation needed however. To us by Gods, governments, teachers or other authorities the appropriate style manual or other authorities the century! Issues related to the French film, Mood Indigo ( directed by Michel Gondry ) various. Be followed they wish they had to succeed in studying provide help with of. Concepts into existentialist concepts transcend yourself online help example of existentialism fast online support working. Years also saw the growing reputation of being and time ( 1927 ). [ ]! Your knowledge and attitude to study is changing choices and can be considered an ethic of reciprocity in some,! The support and assistance you can rely on our help removed from concrete experience! 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