The Sassanid Persians occupied Armenia in 252. Idem, Recherches sur lhistoire de lArmnie, Paris, 1969. Trajan had taken no chances with the lower sections of the population either and he left two army divisions and built a fort at Artaxata to ensure Armenia stayed a Roman province. Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia. Armenia officially adopted Christianity c. 314 CE, if not earlier, as tradition records that Tiridates IV was converted in 301 CE by Saint Gregory the Illuminator. The preceding dynasty of the Artaxiads became extinct about CE 12, amid a secessionist chaos caused by the perennial struggle of Iran and Rome over Armeniathe second throne, after Media, in the Iranian scheme of vassal kingdoms. M. L. Chaumont, Lordre de prsances la cour des Arsacides dArmnie, JA, 1966. Parallel to the tension of imperial rivalries outside, there was also a tension at home, one between the crown and the great nobility. Following the fall of the Artaxiad dynasty after Pompey's campaign in Armenia in 66 BC, the Kingdom of Armenia was often contested between the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire during the Roman-Parthian Wars.Throughout most of its history during this period, under the reign of the Arsacid Dynasty, the Armenian nobility was divided among Roman-loyalists, Parthian-loyalists, and . https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arsacid-dynasty, The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - Arsacid Dynasty. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Armenian History: Arshakuni Dynasty by Levon Zekiyan, The Arshakuni Dynasty of Armenia by Vahan M. Kurkjian, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arsacid_Dynasty_of_Armenia&oldid=8049370, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, History of Education in Armenia - by Kevork A. Sarafian, G A Sarafean, The heritage of Armenian literature Vol.1 - by A. J. Find your thing. To add an additional layer of difficulty, the historical record is patchy at best, a situation here starkly summarised by Professor of Armenian and Near Eastern History R. G. Hovannisian: Our knowledge of the events or even the chronology of Armenia during this complicated period remains fragmentary in the extreme, confused and still highly debated. This was an unfortunate choice, because the Sassanid king Shapur I defeated the Romans and made peace with the emperor Philip. They are a branch of the Iranian Parthian Arsacids. H. Humbach and P.O. [10] However, this was soon to change. Arsacids of Armenia: name of a dynasty of kings, ruling in Armenia since the mid-first century. C. Toumanoff, Christian Caucasia between Byzantium and Iran. Encouraged by the spahbod Osroes, Parthian troops marched further West into Roman Syria. With this fait accompli before them, the Emperor Theodosius I and the Great King pr III hastened to ratify in 387 the existence of two Armenian kingdoms, one, western, a Roman, and the other, eastern and vastly larger, an Iranian vassal. This work must have been considered imperfect, because soon afterward John of Egheghiatz and Joseph of Baghin, two of Mashtots' students, were sent to Edessa to translate the Biblical scriptures. and revised by N. Garsoan, Lisbon, 1970. A branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, the Armenian princes also played out a prolonged balancing act by remaining friendly to the other great power of the period and region: Rome.Feb 26, 2018 Arshag, lately with his centralized forces, expelled the intruders out of the country. The Arsacid (Arshakuni) dynasty of Armenia ruled that kingdom from 12 CE to 428 CE. History. M. Sprengling, Third Century Iran: Sapor and Kartir, Chicago, 1953. Two of the most notable events under Arsacid rule in Armenian history were the conversion of Armenia to Christianity by St. Gregory the Illuminator in 301 and the creation of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots in 405. in Recherches dhistoire et de philologie orientales I, Brussels, 1951. Cartwright, Mark. As a consequence, the city prospered thereafter. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. According to tradition, the latter of the two apostles is said The Arsacid (Arshakuni) dynasty of Armenia ruled that kingdom from 12 CE to 428 CE. A compromise was finally attempted in 63 (Treaty of Rhandeia). . Third dynasty of Armenia (in Armenian, Arakuni), from the first to the mid-fifth century. P. Peeters, Lintervention politique de Constance II dans la Grande Armnie, en 338, repr. [19], The Arsacids were advocates of Iranian legitimacy, which they remained even after the fall of the Parthian Empire. Person as author : Ma Yong Person as author : Wang Binghua In : History of civilizations of Central Asia, v. 2: The Development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations, 700 B.C. Het Koninkrijk Armeni (of Groot Armeni ) (Armeens: was een koninkrijk dat bestond van 190 v.Chr. [1] Armenia was between the Parthian and Roman Empires and both were trying to control it. Arsacid kings of Armenia.png 3,176 1,380; 299 KB. So the struggle of empires went on, more intensely than before, until, finally, the Roman empire, occupied elsewhere, was obliged to come to terms with Iran and to agree to the partitioning between them of the apple of discord, especially as, quite conveniently, the latter had just itself effected its division. From its origins in the lands of Parthia by the Caspian Sea, the Arsacids progressively took land from the Seleucids, Alexander's successors who owned the regions of Persia and Bactria. Not allied, but previous dynasty. c.6500-3400 BC. Eastern Armenian ; 10 : St. Merozanes: . : You are free: to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix - to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution - You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. No, Armenians are not direct descendants of Parthians but Armenia was run by Parthian royal dynasties, even long after the Parthian Empire fell and the Sassanid took over. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2022) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. As late as the later Parthian period, Armenia was predominantly Zoroastrian. Envoys from Osroes I met Trajan at Athens, informing him that Axidares had been deposed and asking that Axidares' elder brother, Parthamasiris, be granted the throne. An independent line of Kings was established by Vologases II of Armenia (Valarses/Vagharshak) in 180. World History Encyclopedia. Find your thing. However, he did not succeed in . Millions of unique designs by independent artists. A list of the Arsacid kings of Armenia will be found at the end of this article. First Echmiadzin era (301-452) Arsacid Dynasty (from 301 to 428 the episcopal office is hereditary) St. Gregory I the Illuminator (301-325) -- () Stone & Copper Age Shulaveri-Shomu culture. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout, Merlot II, OER Commons and School Library Journal. In 224 CE the Arsacid dynasty in Parthia was overthrown by Ardasir (aka Artashir Papakan), founder of the Sasanid dynasty which would rule until 651 CE. Jahrhunderts), Leipzig, 1891. [17], The Armenians viewed the bond between their country and the royal houses of Parthia as indestructible. tot 165 na Chr. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. License. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Skjrv, The Sassanian Inscription of Paikuli I-III, Wiesbaden, 1978-83 (esp. The period saw great social changes in Armenia, too; notably the official adoption of Christianity in the early 4th century CE and the invention of the Armenian alphabet. The period of history of both Armenia and the region during the reign of the Arsacids was a complex one and the kingdom remained, as it already had been for centuries, a coveted piece in the strategic board game of empires played out by Europe and Asia's two superpowers: Rome and Persia. [19][18] The Arsacid king was regarded as the bnak trn axarhis ("natural lord of this country"). Updates? A period of peace followed and Tiridates was able to build a new summer residence at Garni which had the Roman baths, temple and gardens typical of the Classical world. Idem, Quidam Narseus? Each emperor was also known by his title of "Ashk". C. Toumanoff, Studies in Christian Caucasian History I and II, Georgetown University Press, 1963. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Last modified February 26, 2018. However, in 287, Tiridates III the Great was brought to power by the Roman armies. During the Roman-Parthian Wars, the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia was founded when Tiridates I, a member of the Parthian Arsacid dynasty, was proclaimed King of Armenia in 52. Idem, Manuel de chronologie et de gnalogie pour lhistoire de la Caucasie chrtienne (Armnie-Gorgie-Albanie), Rome, 1976; Supplement, Rome, 1978. There are 95 arsacid dynasty of armenia-related words in total, with the top 5 most semantically related being kingdom of armenia, tiridates i of armenia, vologases iii of parthia, nero and parthian empire.You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by . N. H. Baynes, Rome and Armenia in the Fourth Century, English Historical Review 5, 1910. 121 relations. The Artaxata army under Vologases IV' command surrendered to Roman general Priscus who installed a Roman puppet, Sohaemus (Roman senator and consul of Arsacid and Emessan ancestry), on the Armenian throne, deposing a certain Pacorus installed by Vologases III.[8]. 10f., 122, 126). Armenia was a highly aristocratic society, its peculiar feature being the presence, above the lesser, azat nobility, of a group of dynastic princes, descendants and successors of prehistoric tribal chiefs, who regarded themselves as minor kings and the king of Armenia as a primus inter pares. on ARSACIDS VII. This caused the already precarious balance of regional politics to be upturned completely when Emperor Trajan (r. 98-117 CE), using the excuse of not being consulted on the change, grabbed the moment and annexed Armenia for Rome. Thank you! Modern works on chronology and genealogy include: P. Ananian, La data e le circostanze della consacrazione di S. Gregorio lIlluminatore, Le Muson 74, 1961, pp. [13] In Arsacid Armenia, the custom of aristocratic children being raised by foster parents or tutors was widespread, as in the rest of the Iranian commonwealth. N. Garsoan, Politique ou orthodoxie? R. Grousset, Histoire de lArmnie, des origines 1071, Paris, 1947. Arsacid Kings reigned intermittently throughout the chaotic years following the fall of the Artaxiad dynasty until 62 when Tiridates I secured Arsacid dynasty of Parthia rule in Armenia. The Arsacid dynasty or Arshakuni, ruled the Kingdom of Armenia from 12 to 428. After regaining power, according to Tacitus, the Iberian was so cruel that the Armenians stormed the palace and forced Radamistus out of the country and Vologases I got the opportunity to install his brother Tiridates on the throne. A branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, the Armenian princes also played out a prolonged balancing act by remaining friendly to the other great power of the period and region: Rome. Arshak I of Armenia or Arsaces I of Armenia, king of Armenia, also known as Arsaces I, Arshak I and Arsak (flourished 1st century) (assassinated in 35 AD), a Parthian Prince of Iranian and Greek ancestry who served as a Roman Client King of Armenia in 35. Tiridates IV may also have adopted Christianity for internal political reasons - the end of the pagan religion (with its heady mix of Greek, Persian, Semitic and local gods) was a fine excuse to confiscate the old temple treasuries which were jealously guarded by a hereditary class of priests. [7], Marcus Aurelius immediately sent Lucius Verus to the Eastern front. Vologase ruled Armenia until 140. But Shapur didn't yield. Mlanges dtudes armniennes, Venice, 1969. The first Arsacid to gain power in Parthia was Arsaces (reigned c. 250c. This encroachment on the traditional sphere of influence of the Roman Empire started a new war between Parthia and Rome, ending the peace that had endured for about half a century since Nero's time. The dynasty was a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. ago. In 63 CE the Romans and Corbulo returned and their threat was sufficient for the Treaty of Rhandia to be drawn up. In 198 Vologases II assumed the Parthian throne and named his son Khosrov I to the Armenian throne. "Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia." In 252 Shapur I invaded Armenia and forced Tiridates II to flee. Military Architecture Of Parthia. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. This article is available in print.Vol. Surprisingly, Mithridates was summoned back to Rome where he was kept a prisoner, and Armenia was given back to Artabanus II who gave the throne to his younger son Orodes. [1] The dynasty was a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. Hence both conceptions coexisted, in a typically Armenianand Caucasianblend. In 163, Verus dispatched General Statius Priscus, who was recently transferred from Britain along with several legions, from Syrian Antioch to Armenia. [1] Armenia was between the Parthian and Roman Empire s and both were trying to control it. () Arshakuni12428 . The Arsacid, or Parthian, dynasty was foundedinthe 250s bce,detaching large ter- ritories from the Seleucid Kingdom which had been formed after the conquests of Alexander the Great.This dynasty ruled Persia for about half amillennium, until 226 ce,when Ardashir the Sasanian removed them from power.Under the Arsacid dynasty,Persia became Rome . In 63 CE it was agreed that Parthia had the right to nominate Armenian kings, but Rome the right to crown them. Arsacid dynasty or Arshakuni, ruled the Kingdom of Armenia from 12 to 428. II, Fasc. Arsacid chronology in traditional history, ARSACIDS vii. by N. Garsoan, Lisbon, 1965. The king ruled as an absolute monarch but his reliance on the nakharars did mean in practice he had to at least to consult them on important matters of policy. The Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Encyclopaedia Iranica, II/5, pp. [25][26], The ancient sanctuary of Bagawan was of high importance to the Arsacids, who celebrated the Iranian New Year's festival (Nowruz) there. Parthia responded by sending an army which won a victory against the Romans (significantly, perhaps, no longer commanded by Corbulo). The dynasty was a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. An Attempt to Redefine the concepts of "Armenia" and "Loyalty", Revue des tudes armniennes 8, 1971. Arsacid Kings reigned intermittently throughout the chaotic years after the fall of the . There rose a class of landed aristocracy whose ability to raise bodies of armed men to support the royal family meant that they grew in influence - the king needed their armies and could offer land and titles in return. 2022 Encyclopdia Iranica Foundation, Inc. All Rights Reserved. shortly after the death of Alexander the Great (323 bc) and gradually gained control over much of Iran and Mesopotamia until, in ad 224, they were overthrown by the Ssnians, an Iranian dynasty founded by Ardashr I. Jump to: navigation, search. It was then that emperor Theodosius I (r. 379-395 CE) and Shapur III agreed to formally divide Armenia between the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and Sassanid Persia. A note on the Mission of St. Nerses the Great,Armeniaca. The preceding dynasty of the Artaxiads became extinct about CE 12, amid a secessionist chaos caused by the perennial struggle of Iran and Rome over Armeniathe second throne, after Media, in the Iranian scheme of vassal kingdoms. When Shapur I died in 270, Hurmazd took the Persian throne and his brother Narseh ruled Armenia in his name. Armenia was given in 18 to Zeno, son of Polemon I of Pontus,[3] who assumed the Iranian name Artaxias (a.k.a. After the deaths of Tiridates II and his son Khosrov II, Shapur I installed his own son Hurmazd on the Armenian throne. When the king was deposed in 160 CE Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-169 CE) sent an army to restore the monarch (163 CE) who would then rule until 180 or 185 CE. The Gregorian Cycle: 1. recension: The Agathangelus (Armenian and Greek), 2. recension: The Life of St. Gregory (Greek and Arabic).
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